Technical reference diagram
FIG · A sample from our guide library — the five design decisions that inflate CNC cost.
§ 00 / Using this library

Written by the engineers who review your RFQs.

Every article here is written by a mechanical engineer on our staff — usually in response to a question we got from a customer\'s RFQ. If ten customers ask us the same question ("what's the difference between 304 and 316?", "when do I actually need 5-axis?"), we write an article so the eleventh doesn\'t have to wait for an email reply.

We don\'t optimize these for traffic. They\'re not sales copy. They\'re the answers we\'d give over the phone to a designer or procurement buyer — with the numbers, the tables, and the tradeoffs that actually matter. If you disagree with something we wrote, or think we missed the point of your application, email [email protected] — we update articles in response to good feedback.

For designers
How to draft for manufacturability

Wall thickness, tolerances, threads, and design decisions that drive cost. Start with the 10 decisions that double your cost.

For procurement
How to compare quotes fairly

Reading line items, Incoterms, and landed-cost thinking. Start with Reading a CNC quote line by line.

For engineers
Material & process decisions

Grade comparisons, surface treatments, and process tradeoffs. Start with How to choose a metal for CNC.

What this library is not

This is not an encyclopedia of CNC machining or an academic reference. It's a working library — focused on the specific decisions you'll make when sending a part to manufacture, and the specific details you'll need to argue it through procurement review. For deeper theoretical coverage, the Machinery's Handbook, ASM Metals Handbook, and SME textbooks remain the standards.

§ 01 / Most-read guides

Where most engineers start.

GUIDE · 8 MIN · POPULAR

CNC machining tolerance chart — standard, precision, and ultra-precision ranges.

What tolerances are achievable on CNC-milled and turned parts, at what cost, and how to choose which to apply. Full ISO/ASME/DIN reference tables included.

Read guide →
GUIDE · 12 MIN · POPULAR

10 CNC design decisions that secretly double your part cost.

Sharp internal corners, arbitrary tolerances, exotic threads — the design choices that look innocent on the drawing but triple the quote. With fixes for each.

Read guide →
GUIDE · 10 MIN

How to choose the right metal for your CNC part.

A decision framework for picking between aluminum, steel, titanium, and stainless — based on load, environment, cost, and manufacturability.

Read guide →
§ 02 / Complete library

Browse all guides by topic.

DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS
CNC tolerance chart & guide
8 MIN
→
10 decisions that double your cost
12 MIN
→
Designing pockets: corner radii & depth
6 MIN
→
Minimum wall thickness reference
5 MIN
→
Thread callouts on CNC drawings
9 MIN
→
GD&T for CNC parts: a practical intro
15 MIN
→
DFM guidelines — what actually drives cost
12 MIN
→
MATERIALS
How to choose a metal for CNC
10 MIN
→
6061 vs 7075 aluminum compared
10 MIN
→
304 vs 316 stainless steel
8 MIN
→
When to pay for titanium
9 MIN
→
PEEK vs Delrin vs UHMW
7 MIN
→
4140 vs 4340 — when to use which
6 MIN
→
1018 vs A36 steel — spec substitution
9 MIN
→
Delrin vs POM — same material, different brands
8 MIN
→
Nylon 6 vs 66 — the difference that matters
7 MIN
→
ABS vs PC — plastic housing choice
7 MIN
→
Acetal vs Nylon — mechanical plastic choice
8 MIN
→
6061 vs 6063 aluminum — extrusion vs structural
6 MIN
→
Bronze vs brass — copper alloy confusion
7 MIN
→
17-4 PH vs 15-5 PH — high-strength stainless
6 MIN
→
316 vs 316L stainless — when carbon matters
5 MIN
→
5052 vs 5083 aluminum — marine grade
7 MIN
→
Titanium Grade 2 vs 5 — pure vs alloy
7 MIN
→
Brass C360 vs C260 — free-machining vs lead-free
6 MIN
→
Inconel 625 vs 718 — superalloy choice
8 MIN
→
Carbon steel vs stainless — when corrosion matters
7 MIN
→
Monel 400 vs Inconel — nickel alloy choice
6 MIN
→
Hastelloy C-276 — premium corrosion alloy
6 MIN
→
6082 aluminum guide — EU structural grade
5 MIN
→
2024 vs 6061 aluminum — aerospace vs general
6 MIN
→
Tool steel grades — A2, D2, O1, S7, H13
7 MIN
→
SURFACE FINISHES
Type II vs Type III anodizing
8 MIN
→
Surface roughness (Ra) explained
6 MIN
→
Passivation vs electropolish
7 MIN
→
Alodine & chromate conversion
5 MIN
→
Anodize vs powder coat — aluminum finish choice
6 MIN
→
Black oxide vs parkerizing — steel blackening
5 MIN
→
Zinc vs nickel plating — which to use
6 MIN
→
PVD vs DLC coating — advanced surface engineering
6 MIN
→
PROCESS & PRODUCTION
When to use 5-axis (and when not)
9 MIN
→
Prototype to production transition
11 MIN
→
MOQ, batch sizing, and unit cost
8 MIN
→
Reading a CNC quote: line by line
10 MIN
→
FAI — first article inspection explained
6 MIN
→
CNC milling vs turning — which for your part
7 MIN
→
3D printing vs CNC — when each wins
8 MIN
→
Injection molding vs CNC — volume crossover
8 MIN
→
Swiss machining vs CNC lathe — turning choice
6 MIN
→
CNC hole tolerances — drill vs ream vs bore
5 MIN
→
PROCUREMENT & SHIPPING
Incoterms 2020: FOB, DDP, EXW, CIF
8 MIN
→
Importing from China to the US
9 MIN
→
EU customs & EORI for imports
7 MIN
→
PPAP levels explained
8 MIN
→
China manufacturing timezone — managing across 12h
6 MIN
→
Quote turnaround expectations — what each speed delivers
5 MIN
→
— HAVE A QUESTION WE HAVEN'T COVERED?

Email us — we'll write a guide.

Most guides on this site started as a customer question we got repeatedly. If there's something you wish we'd written about, tell us — we'll either answer privately or publish a guide. Either way, you'll have the answer.

Suggest a topic